Para o meu 1º post neste blog vou aproveitar um post que já tinha preparado para um dos fóruns em que participo. Trata-se de uma biografia em género de memorial a um dos meus “heróis” de adolescência: Chuck Schuldiner, líder dos Death, que infelizmente já não está cá para partilhar connosco o seu talento.
Devia ter à volta de uns 13 anos quando tive o meu 1º contacto com a música dos Death através do álbum Spiritual Healing. Na altura, apesar de já ouvir algumas bandas de Heavy Metal, não fazia ideia do que era o Death Metal, o resultado foi ficar viciado nesta sonoridade até aos dias de hoje. O que me fascinou na altura em que ouvi este álbum, para além da sua sonoridade única, foram as letras de crítica social que acompanhavam a música (embora quem as oiça sem o acompanhamento do livro que vem junto com o CD nunca as vá entender). Deixo-vos assim a oportunidade de conhecerem uma banda (e uma personalidade, pois a banda está intimamente ligada à figura de Chuck) que foi pioneira na criação deste estilo de música. Peço desculpa, mas o post foi originalmente escrito em inglês, e é demasiado extenso para estar a traduzir agora, pelo que tenho a certeza que compreenderão que este seja apresentado nesta língua…
Death is one of the most widely known early pioneers of Death Metal and considered one of the main developers of this musical genre. In the late 80s, the band was both a part of and integral in defining the Death Metal scene which gained international recognition with the release of albums by a number of area acts. Guitar player and vocalist Chuck Schuldiner was the founder and frontman of the band and one of the first singers to use death growls, and is guitar technic is cited by many musicians as a source of inspiration.
The band was founded in 1983 in Orlando (Florida, USA) under the name of Mantas, when Chuck was only 16 years old. Together with ‘Kam’ Lee (Barney Lee, drums/voclas), and Rick Rozz (Frederick DeLillo, guitar), Schuldiner started to compose his first songs, influenced by bands such as Slayer and Venom, that were released on several rehearsal tapes in 1984. These tapes, along with the Death by Metal (1984) demo, a 5 track demo with a very raw sound and recorded in the garage of Chuck’s mom on Rick’s Panasonic tape recorder, circulated through the tape trader world quickly establishing the band’s name as one of the most promising bands in the American Death Metal scene, which was fronted at the time by the San Francisco band Possessed. Although the band enjoyed a relative success in the underground scene, they presumed that they weren’t given the deserved credit for their work, as revealed Chuck:
“A lot of people looked down upon us. We got a lot of shit from the local band scene; all the bands from around (Orlando) thought we were pure shit. We were noisy back then, but we were putting out brutal death metal, and it was too much for people to comprehend.”
In 1984, Schuldiner dissolved Mantas and quickly started a new band under the name Death, with the intend of writing heavier and faster songs. After a couple of weeks searching, Chuck finds he must resort once again to working with Mantas original members Rick Rozz and Kam Lee. In October of 1984 another 5 track demo was released, called Reign of Terror. The original Death logo was re-drawn and re-vamped by Chuck Schuldiner. In December the band plays a show with Nasty Savage in a Tampa (Florida) pub. The show is taped by John & Mark from Guillotine Magazine, later to be sold as the only official Death live recording through Guillotine and by the band. In 1985, after the Infernal Death tape was recorded and released, Schuldiner fired Rick Rozz. By May, Chuck and Kam record a 1 track demo called Rigor Mortis. By Summer, bassist Scott Carlson and guitarist Matt Olivio (Genocide, later known as Repulsion) join the band, but Kam Lee leaves the band drumless. In the meantime, Rick Rozz and Kam Lee form Massacre in Florida. At the time a drummer could not be found, consequently the band dissolved again. Schuldiner moved to San Francisco and recruited DRI drummer Eric Brecht, but he was not happy with this incarnation of Death and moved back to Florida without a band. There, in 1986, Schuldiner got an invitation from early Canadian thrash band Slaughter to play on their album, which he accepted, moving to Canada. This only lasted two weeks, however, as he found the situation not to his liking. After recording the tune Fuck Of Death he returned to Florida, then moved quickly to San Francisco again, where he joined with drummer Chris Reifert. Steve DiGiorgio (from Sadus) fills in on bass during Death practices while Sadus and Death share rehearsal space. Steve only plays on some unofficial rehearsal tapes. Soon after, they recorded the Mutilation demo, which led to a deal with Combat Records, owned by Important Distribution (later becoming Relativity), that enabled them to record the first LP.
The recordings of the first album are made in the Music Grinder in Hollywood by Randy Burns. After the recordings John Hand is welcomed as second guitar player. He’s not able to keep up with the fast and technical parts of the newer Death material, and never so much as plays one gig with Death or a single note on an album (though his photo appears in it) before he’s excused from the band. In 1987, Scream Bloody Gore, Death‘s first album is released by Combat Records in March and in June in Europe by Music For Nations subsidiary label Under One Flag.
Chris stays in San Francisco as Chuck returns to Florida to rejoin forces with three-fourths of Massacre including Rick Rozz on guitar, Terry Buttler on bass and Bill Andrews on drums. They play their first tour already performing some Leprosy songs, even at the Milwaukee Metalfest. During April of 1988, this line-up records the album Leprosy in Morrisound studios with Dan Johnson, to be released in October by Combat.
By this time Schuldiner abandoned the “gore” lyrical theme for more social critique as Death‘s musical style progressed from simple brutal Death Metal to complex, technical Death Metal. Additional melody was added to the band’s sound as well as more varied timings and song structures. Murphy was sacked relatively quickly as more touring took place with guitarrist Albert Gonzales (ex-Evil Dead), who was later replaced by Paul Masvidal from Cynic (later to re-emerge in the Death camp) for a tour in Mexico.
On the eve of a European tour, Schuldiner decided against traveling, claiming at the last minute that he felt the tour was not adequately organized (and citing the group’s previous disorganized European tour in 1988). The other members of Death, Andrews and Butler, decide to continue with the tour of Europe as ‘Death‘, regardless of Chuck’s wishes, and recruited roadies Walter Trachsler (guitar, ex-Rotting Corpse and Death guitar tech/soundman) and Louie Carrisalez (vocals, Devestation) to replace Schuldiner, much to Schuldiner’s shock and disgust. Obviously, this causes a huge rift between Chuck and his former band members. Schuldiner took legal action when the dust settled and Butler and Andrews were expelled from the band. Chuck is determined to rise again with Death, his band, despite the fact that the press has printed many rumors and outright lies circulated by his ex-bandmates. Some said he was starting a glam band, others claimed he was in an insane asylum.
Schuldiner abandoned the idea of a band set-up altogether and began working with session musicians only. Schuldiner hired Steve DiGiorgio and recruited Sean Reinert and Paul Masvidal from underground Florida band Cynic. 1991’s Human, recorded in April and released later that year, was Death‘s best-selling album yet, receiving many accolades and some MTV play for the group’s first video, directed by David Bellino, for the track Lack of Comprehension.
Due to obligations with his primary band Sadus, DiGiorgio was forced to depart after the recording of Human and new bassist Skott Carino did Death‘s extensive world tour, from October 1991 until March 1992, in addition to appearing in the music video for Lack of Comprehension. The Inhuman Tour Of The World 1991 starts taking off in the USA and Canada, followed by the Christmas tour of Europe with Napalm Death, Pestilence, Cannibal Corpse and Dismember. In February/March the Extravaganza tour of Europe is done. The compilation album Fate is released by Relativity. During this period of 1988-92, Death was managed by Eric Greif, a rocky relationship that culminated in at least two lawsuits between Greif and Schuldiner. However, when interviewed by Thrash ‘n Burn, Schuldiner was characteristically mellow about what the writer referred to as his “gruesome collaboration” with Greif:
“We just came to the conclusion that it was stupid just fighting all the time, taking each other to court and all that stupid shit.” After his final break from Greif, Schuldiner managed himself for the remainder of his career. In 1993, Paul Masvidal and Sean Reinert left the group to get back to their project Cynic and release their debut Focus, with Schuldiner being unable to persuade them otherwise. They are replaced by Andy LaRocque (guitar, from King Diamond) and Gene Hoglan (drums, from the recently dissolved thrash metal band Dark Angel) and once again bassist Steve DiGiorgio steps in to record the Individual Thought Patterns album.
Because of his commitments with King Diamond, Andy can’t tour. Craig Locicero (Forbidden) will do the European tour, and the then-unknown Ralph Santolla (Eyewitness) is hired for the US tour and the Easter festivals in Europe. Death was arguably at the peak of their commercial and popular culture success, and the video for the track The Philosopher, a lyrical slam against former guitarist Masvidal, even made it on to a Beavis & Butt-head episode in 1994 (Beavis also parodies Schuldiner’s vocals in a mock ‘drive-thru’ order of ‘tacos, to go!’ in Death-Metal style). Also in 1994, Death abandoned their eight year relationship with Relativity and signed with Roadrunner Records, their European distributor. In 1995, Santolla and DiGiorgio were exchanged for underground Florida musicians Kelly Conlon and Bobby Koelbe, recording the Symbolic album.
For the Symbolic tour Brian Benson was bought in to play bass (Conlon having left the band prior to the tour due to conflicts with Schuldiner). After Symbolic, by 1996, Death is on a hold for a while, time to rethink about the band and its future. Schuldiner recruits drummer Chris Williams (RIP) who’s followed shortly after by his friends Shannon Hamm on guitar and Scott Clendenin on bass, who formed the Floridian band Talonzfury. Williams leaves shortly after and is replaced by drummer Richard Christy. At the time, Chuck dissolved Death and all ties with Roadrunner and began writing songs for Control Denied. It was during this time that Schuldiner briefly worked with Florida studio guitarist James Hogan. Still this year, the first Control Denied demo’s emerge, with only guitar and drums, and Chuck singing. At the end of 1997 Chuck signs with Nuclear Blast Records and is allowed to do Control Denied after making a Death album first. Since Schuldiner was still contractually obligated to record an album under Nuclear Blast with Death, he used several songs that were intended to be used for Control Denied, as several song titles on The Sound of Perseverance were originally Control Denied song titles. He re-formed Death with Richard Christy, Shannon Hamm and Scott Clendenin to record 1998’s The Sound of Perseverance with his new label Nuclear Blast. The last Death album is released on September 15.
The band tours Europe with Benediction, plays the Chili Metal Fest on November 7, and tours the USA with Hammerfall. After the tours, Schuldiner dissolved Death to pursue Control Denied with Christy and Hamm. Clendenin was dropped in favor of Steve DiGiorgio, who was once again available, and an underground power metal singer named Tim Aymar (Psycho Scream) joins the band. The first Control Denied album is released.
As Schuldiner finished Control Denied debut album, he was diagnosed with brain cancer, forcing the band to scrap plans for a US and Canadian tour. Century Media releases the first five albums as a picture disc vinyl boxed set with a Scream Bloody Gore poster. Many fans around the world feared for the worse as several campaigns for fund raising are made to help Chuck with the payment of the expensive treatment to which he was submitted. Chuck battles with his disease and starts writing new material for the second Control Denied album When Man And Machine Collide. The Death – Live in L.A. album is released by Nuclear Blast as well as the Death live album Live in Eindhoven.
As he worked on the second release, Schuldiner’s condition improved, but the tumor left him in a weakened, vulnerable state. He contracted pneumonia and was placed in the hospital. He was released and returned home where, one hour later, Schuldiner died on December 13, 2001, at age 34. The band members are determined for the future to finish the second Control Denied album.
The second Control Denied release has yet to be completed and is mired in a variety of odd legal problems involving its label, the musicians (who have publicly stated their desire to complete the album) and Schuldiner’s mother. In 2004, Hammerheart Records released a CD made up of old, pre-Scream Bloody Gore demos, along with partial demos of the unfinished album. This was issued under the name Chuck Schuldiner, not Death, but their markedly unfinished state and lack of vocals led few to pay attention, aided by Schuldiner’s mother’s pleas for fans to stay away from it.
Members of Death have dispersed all throughout the landscape of metal and popular music. Some, like Gene Hoglan from Dark Angel and Andy LaRocque from King Diamond, already had made a name for themselves. Others went on to do so, like Sean Reinert, who formed the legendary Cynic with fellow Death member Paul Masvidal. Ironically, both of these pioneering Death Metal musicians have ended up in a progressive, ethereal rock band named Æon Spoke laced with delicate guitars and Masvidal’s soft croon. Richard Christy went on to gigs with Acheron and Iced Earth before joining The Howard Stern Show. Ralph Santolla has also played with Iced Earth, as well as Sebastian Bach, both of which were also stations for Steve DiGiorgio (he’s still playing with Bach). While Santolla is now in Obituary and before this he was in Deicide. DiGiorgio also played for Testament and is still active with his original band Sadus. Bobby Koelbe founded the Orlando Rock-Funk-Latin fusion group JunkieRush in 2000. James Murphy was also in Testament for awhile, formed numerous projects such as Disincarnate (as well as stints with Death Metal bands Obituary and Cancer) and has made a name for himself. Murphy also has been stricken with cancer and, along with Deron Miller of CKY, is organizing a Death tribute album to be released upon completion. Recently, Kam Lee formed the band Denial Fiend with Terry Butler.
In Memory Of Chuck Schuldiner
(13th May 1967 – 13th December 2001)
Discography
Death – Scream Bloody Gore [1987]
1. Infernal Death
2. Zombie Ritual
3. Denial of Life
4. Sacrificial
5. Mutilation
6. Regurgitated Guts
7. Baptized in Blood
8. Torn to Pieces
9. Evil Dead
10. Scream Bloody Gore
11. Beyond The Unholy Grave (Bonus)
12. Land Of No Return (Bonus)
13. Open Casket (Live) (Bonus)
14. Choke On It (Live) (Bonus)
Line-up:
Chuck Schuldiner-guitar/bass/vocals
Chris Reifert-drums
Review:
“A seminal album that helped establish the death metal subgenre, Scream Bloody Gore may be slightly musically amateurish next to Death’s subsequent albums, but it trades polish for savage, gut-wrenching force and speed. Building on the blueprint of Slayer’s Reign in Blood, the lyrics match the disturbing, stomach-churning qualities of the music, and Chuck Schuldiner’s vocals do their best to live up to the album’s title. A necessary item for anyone interested in the genesis of death metal.” (by Steve Huey)
Other reviews:
http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=717
http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=1100
http://www.metalstorm.ee/pub/review.php?review_id=157&page=&message_id=
http://www.tombofthemutilated.net/Death-Scream-Bloody-Gore.html
Death – Leprosy [1988]
1. Leprosy
2. Born Dead
3. Forgotten Past
4. Left To Die
5. Pull The Plug
6. Open Casket
7. Primitive Ways
8. Choke On It
Line-up:
Chuck Schuldiner-guitar/vocals
Rick Rozz-guitar
Terry Butler-bass
Bill Andrews-drums
Review:
“Chuck Schuldiner gets even darker and bleaker on Leprosy, the follow-up to Death’s long-awaited 1987 debut, Scream Bloody Gore. Schuldiner recorded the album with a completely different Death lineup, but the record isn’t terribly different from its predecessor, aside from a bit more polish in the production and composition.” (by Steve Huey)
Other reviews:
http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=5422
http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=2857
http://www.metalstorm.ee/pub/review.php?review_id=158
http://www.tombofthemutilated.net/Death-Leprosy.html
Death – Spiritual Healing [1990]
1. Living Monsrosity
2. Altering the Future
3. Defensive Personlaties
4. Within the Mind
5. Spiritual Healing
6. Low Life
7. Genetic Reconstruction
8. Killing Spree
Line-up:
Chuck Schuldiner-guitar/vocals
James Murphy-guitar
Terry Butler-bass
Bill Andrews-drums
Review:
“When Death entered the 1990s with Spiritual Healing, it was hard to miss the band’s tremendous impact on metal. Some credited Death with inventing death metal, but whether or not Death single-handedly created the style, there was no question that countless death metal, thrash, and grindcore bands had been influenced by their blistering sound. The adjective “blistering” certainly describes “Genetic Reconstruction”, “Living Monstrosity” and other songs on this high-volume CD, which illustrates Death’s ferocious nature. True to form, Death’s lyrics are dark, morbid, and pessimistic. But as brutal as this album is (both musically and lyrically), it’s important to stress that it isn’t as extreme as many of the unmelodic, one-dimensional grindcore releases that were coming out in 1990. Tempos vary, and the songs aren’t without harmonic appeal. Spiritual Healing may not have been multi-platinum, but for knowledgeable headbangers in the death metal underground, there was no denying this band’s importance.” (by Alex Henderson)
Other reviews:
http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=984
http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=2687
http://www.metalstorm.ee/pub/review.php?review_id=159
http://www.metal-archives.com/review.php?id=602
Death – Human [1991]
1. Flattening Of Emotions
2. Suicide Machine
3. Together as One
4. Secret Face
5. Lack of Comprehension
6. See Through Dreams
7. Cosmic Sea
8. Vacant Planets
Line-up:
Chuck Schuldiner-guitar/vocals
Paul Masvidal-guitar
Steve DiGiorgio-bass
Sean Reinert-drums
Review:
“Human started to break Death to a wider audience, after Chuck Schuldiner nearly disbanded the group. Schuldiner’s playing has improved immensely since Scream Bloody Gore, as have his compositional skills. He writes strange, dissonant, harmonized guitar lines and is one of the few death metal songwriters who changes moods and textures over the course of an album; Human’s second half is actually almost subdued by death metal standards.” (by Steve Huey)
Other reviews:
http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=3563
http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=4259
http://www.metalstorm.ee/pub/review.php?review_id=160
http://www.metal-archives.com/review.php?id=606
Death – Individual Thought Patterns [1993]
1. Overactive Imagination
2. In Human Form
3. Jealousy
4. Trapped In A Corner
5. Nothing Is Everything
6. Mentally Blind
7. Individual Thought Patterns
8. Destiny
9. Out Of Touch
10. The Philosopher
Line-up:
Chuck Schuldiner-guitar/vocals
Andy LaRocquer-guitar
Steve DiGiorgio-bass
Gene Hoglan-drums
Review:
“Chuck Schuldiner puts even more emphasis on the guitar harmonies, with the help of King Diamond guitarist Andy LaRocque. Bassist Steve DiGiorgio treats his instrument more like a third guitar, making for some unique ensemble interplay. Individual Thought Patterns cemented Death’s reputation as not only one of death metal’s founders, but also one of its most creative, musically proficient, and listenable bands.” (by Steve Huey)
Other reviews:
http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=3535
http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=4257
http://www.metalstorm.ee/pub/review.php?review_id=161
http://whiplash.net/materias/cds/003270-death.html
Death – Symbolic [1995]
1. Symbolic
2. Zero Tolerance
3. Empty Words
4. Sacred Serenity
5. 1,000 Eyes
6. Without Judgment
7. Crystal Mountain
8. Misanthrope
9. Perennial Quest
Line-up:
Chuck Schuldiner-guitar/vocals
Bobby Koelble-guitar
Kelly Conlon-bass
Gene Hoglan-drums
Review:
“Symbolic defines Death’s highest abilities in my mind. The album, while fearsomely extreme, tends towards refined melodies, smashingly interesting rhythm playing, and formidable catchiness. (…) Songwriting had by this time become something of a strong suite for Chuck Schulinder (well, as strong as one can expect from a genre called death metal). The songs are completely zappo, with a three-way combination of frenetic pseudo-Eastern hooks, nasty little rough sections, and precise harmony breaks. The harmony sections are wonderful, with intricate arpeggios sailing over sustained low chords, often just slightly (and uniquely) out of sync rhythmically. Symbolic features some semi-experimental material that was wedged into the songs, where Death’s penchant for dissonance is taken to a new level. The album also features some undisputable metal classics, “Crystal Mountain” (with its occasional Rush-isms) and “Sacred Serenity” (a song of deceptive simplicity) chief among them. Symbolic combines the dissonant, meandering quality found on Human with the “kick ass” hookery of Individual Thought Patterns, making for what is clearly the band’s best album.” (by James Slone)
Other reviews:
http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=10507
http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=4258
http://www.metalstorm.ee/pub/review.php?review_id=162
http://www.metal-archives.com/review.php?id=616
Death – The Sound of Perseverance [1998]
1. Scavenger Of Human Sorrow
2. Bite The Pain
3. Spirit Crusher
4. Story To Tell
5. Flesh And The Power It Holds
6. Voice Of The Soul
7. To Forgive Is To Suffer
8. A Moment Of Clarity
9. Painkiller (Judas Priest cover)
Line-up:
Shannon Hamm-guitar
Scott Clendenin-bass
Richard Christy-drums
Review:
“Words cannot do this album enough justice. This is a truly glorious metal release, certainly Death’s finest hour, and easily one of the top metal albums of all time. The sheer ferocity and emotion that channels through each of the intricate, progressive guitar melodies shatters every low opinion of the American metal scene. (…) This album delicately mixes the best aspects of past albums Human, Individual Thought Patterns, and Symbolic and takes them one step further. The album is more aggressive, more progressive, and certainly more melodic. (…) No “true” metal listener can ignore the fact that Death have carefully crafted the perfect album for the metal world, an album which draws from the creative pool of Atheist, Dream Theater, and Cynic yet remains pure unadulterated Death. (…) Death will continue to lead, while others will only follow.” (by Jason Hundey)
Other reviews:
http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=3568
http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=2285
http://www.metalstorm.ee/pub/review.php?review_id=163
http://www.metal-archives.com/review.php?id=618
Control Denied – The Fragile Art Of Existence [2001]
1. Consumed
2. Breaking The Broken
3. Expect The Unexpected
4. What If…..?
5. When The Link Becomes Missing
6. Believe
7. Cut Down
8. The Fragile Art Of Existence
Line-up:
Chuck Schuldiner-guitar
Shannon Hamm-guitar
Steve DiGiorgio-bass
Richard Christy-drums
Tim Aymar-vocals
Review:
“Ever since Human, the record that began to win Death a wider audience, Chuck Schuldiner has displayed a progressive compositional style and a high level of technical expertise, qualities which have often gone unnoticed because of his throat-shreddingly intense vocals. Hence Control Denied, which employs the more accessible Tim Aymar on lead vocals to increase the likelihood that Schuldiner will finally get his due in more traditional metal circles. Since all of Control Denied’s instrumentalists were in Death at one time or another, one might expect The Fragile Art of Existence to sound like Death with a more melodic vocalist. And it definitely does from time to time, which isn’t a bad thing (…) But Schuldiner obviously feels he has something to prove musically, and since he pulls out all the compositional stops, the record definitely has its own flavor, changing riffs, textures, tempos, and time signatures at will. (…) The Fragile Art of Existence is crammed full of good musical ideas, but there are so many in such a limited space, and so few are repeated enough to sink into the listener’s memory, that the record starts to seem like a showy technical exercise rather than a precision musical assault. The vocal melodies never really develop into genuine hooks, and the songs are structured so elliptically that it’s hard to discern rhyme or reason in the way their parts were assembled. The album definitely proves beyond all doubt what a tremendous instrumentalist Schuldiner is — not to mention the rest of the band — but no matter how many great riffs his guitar drills into the listener’s head, The Fragile Art of Existence needed greater structure and focus if it was to demonstrate his abilities as a composer.” (by Steve Huey)
Other reviews:
http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=5757
http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=14143
http://www.metalstorm.ee/pub/review.php?review_id=4551
http://whiplash.net/materias/cds/001732-controldenied.html
Death – Live In L.A. (Death & Raw) [2001]
1. Intro / The Philosopher
2. Spirit Crusher
3. Trapped In A Corner
4. Scavenger Of Human Sorrow
5. Crystal Mountain
6. Flesh And The Power It Holds
7. Zero Tolerance
8. Zombie Ritual
9. Suicide Machine
10. Together As One
11. Empty Words
12. Symbolic
13. Pull The Plug
Death – Live In Eindhoven [2001]
1. Philosopher
2. Trapped in a Corner
3. Crystal Mountain
4. Suicide Machine
5. Together as One
6. Zero Tolerance
7. Lack of Comprehension
8. Flesh and the Power It Holds
9. Flattening of Emotions
10. Spirit Crusher
11. Pull the Plug
Former / Past Members:
Charles Schuldiner (R.I.P. – December 13th, 2001) (Control Denied, Slaughter (Can), guest on Voodoocult, Mantas (US), Naphobia (Guest))
Former/past members:
Guitars:
– Craig Locicero (1993 – on Individual Thought Patterns tour) (Forbidden (US))
– Walter Trachsler (1990) (Spiritual Healing tour) (Rotting Corpse)
– Rick Rozz (1983-85, 87-89) (Massacre (US), Thatcher, Mantas (US))
– Matt Olivio (1985) (Repulsion, Dejecta)
– John Hand (1986 (he never played on any album or live))
– James Murphy (1990) (Disincarnate, Agent Steel, Obituary, Cancer, Testament, Konkhra, Explorers Club, guest for Crotchduster)
– Paul Masvidal (1990-92) (Cynic (US), Master (US), Gordian Knot, Portal (US), Aeon Spoke)
– Andy LaRocque (1993) (King Diamond, Illwill, E.F. Band + Gutrix as guest)
– Ralph Santolla (1993) (Millenium (US), Sebastian Bach & Friends, Eyewitness, Iced Earth, Deicide)
– Bobby Koelble (1995)
– Albert Gonzalez (1990) (Evildead, Rise) (Spiritual Healing tour)
– Shannon Hamm (1996-1998 ) (Control Denied, Talonzfury, Beyond Unknown, Metalstorm)
Bass:
– Scott Carlson (1985) (Repulsion/Genocide (US), Death Breath (Live Guest))
– Steve DiGiorgio (1986, 91, 93) (Sadus, Dragonlord, Sebastian Bach & Friends, Artension, Suicide Shift, Vintersorg, Iced Earth, James Murphy, Control Denied, Autopsy, Quo Vadis (Can), Testament, Scariot, Dark Hall)
– Terry Butler (1987-90) (Massacre (US), Six Feet Under, Denial Fiend)
– Scott Carino (1991-1992) (Lowbrow], Fester] (US))
– Kelly Conlon (1995) (Monstrosity (US), Vital Remains, Infinity Minus One, Eternal Tragedy)
– Scott Clendenin (1996-1998 ) (Control Denied, Talonzfury)
Drums:
– Kam Lee (1983-85) (vocals on occasion) (Massacre (US), Abhorred Existence, Mantas (US), Denial Fiend, HatePlow)
– Eric Brecht (1985) (D.R.I., Hirax, Attitude Adjustment, Two-Bit Thief)
– Chris Reifert (1986-87) (Doomed (US), Murder Squad, Autopsy, The Ravenous, Abscess (US), Burnt Offering, Desecration (US))
– Bill Andrews (1987-90) (Massacre (US), Metalucifer)
– Sean Reinert (1990-92) (Cynic (US), Gordian Knot, Anomaly (US), Portal (US), Sean Malone, C-187, Aghora, Aeon Spoke)
– Gene Hoglan (1993-95) (Dark Angel (US), Strapping Young Lad, Tenet, The Almighty Punchdrunk, Testament, Devin Townsend, Old Man’s Child, Phantasm, Wargod, Daemon (Dnk), Just Cause, Naphobia, Meldrum, Unearth, Dethklok)
– Richard Christy (1996-1998 ) (Burning Inside, Rick Renstrom, Acheron (US), Control Denied, Demons & Wizards, Iced Earth, Leash Law, Public Assassin, Tiwanaku, Wykked Wytch, Syzygy (US), Bung Dizeez, guest for Crotchduster)
Vocals for Control Denied:
– Tim Aymar (Psycho Scream, Pharaoh, Triple X (US), Vicious Cycle)
Bass for Control Denied:
– Brain Benson (Pain Principle)
Drums for Control Denied:
– Chris Williams (1996-1997; R.I.P. 12/12/2000) (Beyond Unknown, Talonzfury, Pain Principle)
Fontes:
– Wikipedia
– Site Oficial de Chuck Schuldiner (www.emptywords.org)
– Encyclopedia Metallgum: The Metal Archives
the_passenger
Soundcheck 